Random matrices and the New York City subway system

Developing densely: Estimating the effect of subway growth on New York City land uses

In the early twentieth century, New York City’s population, developed land area, and subway network size all increased dramatically. e rapid expansion of the transit system and land development present intriguing questions as to whether land development led subway growth or if subway expansion was a precursor to real estate development. e research described in this article uses Granger causalit...

Target-hardening at a New York City Subway Station: Decreased Fare Evasion — at What Price?

This paper evaluates the effect of the installation of "high-wheel" turnstiles on the incidence of fare evasion at a subway station in New York City. Ridership, summons and arrest data at the treatment station and two adjacent control stations suggest that the new high-wheel turnstiles were somewhat effective in reducing fare evasion, with little evidence of displacement. In light of these resu...

Airborne particulate metals in the New York City subway: a pilot study to assess the potential for health impacts.

A prior study in New York City observed that airborne concentrations of three metals found in steel - iron, manganese, and chromium - are more than 100 times higher in the subway system than in aboveground air. To investigate the potential for health effects of exposure at these levels, we conducted a pilot study of subway workers comparing personal exposures to steel dust with biomarkers of me...

Diabetes in New York City.

Where Angel Fears to Tread: a Test in the New York City Subway of the Robbery/density Hypothesis

Angel (1968) hypothesized that street robberies were more likely to occur at intermediate levels of pedestrian traffic and less likely to occur at either low or high levels. The present study examines this hypothesis using recent data on platform robberies and passenger densities for 206 stations in the New York City Subway. Contrary to Angel's contention, the incidence of subway robberies was ...